What Is the 'Placebo Effect'?
什麼是 “安慰劑效應”？

In a 2014 study published in Science Translational Medicine, 66 people who suffered from migraines were given envelopes with pills inside.

Most envelopes were labeled correctly with either "Maxalt" — the name of a migraine medicine — or "placebo," meaning the pill was fake, and there was no actual medicine in it.

But two envelopes were mislabeled on purpose: one was labeled "Maxalt" but actually contained a placebo, and one was labeled "placebo" but contained Maxalt.

The patients reported similar reductions in pain after taking either pill.

This is an example of the "placebo effect," which happens when a person's symptoms improve even if the treatment they've been given is fake.

Placebos are "look-alike" treatments. They can be sugar pills, a saline solution injection, or some other type of fake treatment.

在2014年發表的一項研究中，66名患有偏頭痛的人得到了裝有藥丸的信封。大多數信封都正確地貼上了一種偏頭痛藥物Maxalt或安慰劑的標籤。但實驗人員故意貼錯兩個信封的標籤：一個信封貼著Maxalt，但實際上裝的是安慰劑；一個信封貼著安慰劑，但裝的是Maxalt。患者回報，在服用任何一種藥片後，疼痛都減輕差不多程度。這就是「安慰劑效應」的例子，當一個人的症狀得到改善時，即使他們得到的治療是假的，也會發生這種情況。安慰劑是「看起來很像」的治療方法。它們可以是糖丸、鹽水注射，或其他類型的假治療。

migraine
a strong recurring headache that often makes a person feel sick and have difficulty seeing
偏頭痛
She suffers from severe migraines.

solution
a liquid containing a small amount of a substance mixed in to a large amount of another
溶液
Rinse your contact lenses with saline solution before each use.

trigger
to cause something to happen or someone to do something
引起
The smell of freshly baked bread always triggers memories of my grandmother.

References: https://engoo.com.tw/app/daily-news/article/what-is-the-placebo-effect/xL9A_JjQEeyFOysrZ7ERTQ